University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology
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| US Propagandaposter aus dem 1. Weltkrieg zur Anerkennung des Beitrags "farbiger" US Soldaten |
Black Bodies in Propaganda: The Art of the War Poster
Opens at the Penn Museum June 2, 2013
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PBS History Detective Host Tukufu Zuberi Curates Unique Collection of Propaganda Posters
PHILADELPHIA, PA, Spring 2013—A unique collection of posters, collected and curated by Penn professor and PBS History Detectives host Tukufu Zuberi, forms the basis of a provocative new exhibition at the Penn Museum: Black Bodies in Propaganda: The Art of the War Poster, opening at 1:00 pm on June 2, 2013, and running through March 2, 2014.
http://www.penn.museum/press-releases/954-black-bodies-in-propaganda.html
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Hat diese Art von Anerkennung den Rassenhass eher abgebaut oder eher gefoerdert?
Vergleiche auch den zynischen Gebrauch des Wortes "Kulturtraeger" fuer afrikanische Soldaten aus franzoesischen Kolonien in Deutschland waehrend des 2. Weltkriegs
http://guttmensch.blogspot.com/2011/11/kulturtrager-kulturbereicherer-zynische.html
und die Enttaeuschung kenianischer Veteranen und ihrer Familien, dass sie trotz ihrer Opfer im 1. und 2. Weltkrieg von den englischen Kolonialherren weiterhin als Menschen zweiter Klasse behandelt wurden.
http://zettelmaus.blogspot.com/2011/10/gefangnisabsolvent-eine-afrikanische.html
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Afro-Amerikaner und Arbeitslose: Kanonenfutter?
Michigan War Studies
2011–009
Douglas L. Kriner and Francis X. Shen, The Casualty Gap: The Causes and Consequences of American Wartime Inequalities . New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010. Pp. xvi, 302.
Review by Thomas G. Palaima, The University of Texas (tpalaima@mail.utexas.edu).
[...] It is well known that Martin Luther King, Jr. took up the statistical information that African Americans were suffering casualties in Vietnam 5 percent higher than their numbers in the army and 7 percent higher than their numbers in the overall population: Americans were “sending their
[African Americans’] sons and their brothers and their husbands to fight and to die in extraordinarily higher
proportions relative to the rest of the population” (24). These real disparities are “primarily the result of
African Americans’ lower socioeconomic status…. [T]he models show that poor white communities suffered
casualty rates even higher than those suffered by communities with larger black populations and identical
socioeconomic characteristics” (38). In other words, during the Vietnam War, we readily sent the children
of the poor off to fight and die regardless of their skin color.
When has it not been so? The authors quote a directive from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt: “If a factory has just closed down in some town, at once rush a [military recruitment] canvassing party there”
(60). Douglas MacArthur in 1934 testified before the US Senate that recruitment into the army was the cheapest means to relieve unemployment. And historian Robert Griffith declared that “The massive unemployment of the Great Depression represented a bonanza to the regular army” (60). Rural communities, lacking many alternative employment possibilities, are particularly hard hit by economic downturns.
(60). Douglas MacArthur in 1934 testified before the US Senate that recruitment into the army was the cheapest means to relieve unemployment. And historian Robert Griffith declared that “The massive unemployment of the Great Depression represented a bonanza to the regular army” (60). Rural communities, lacking many alternative employment possibilities, are particularly hard hit by economic downturns.
Lack of education comes into play not only in limiting the employment opportunities of young men, and now women, thus making them more likely to enlist [...]
http://www.utexas.edu/research/pasp/publications/pdf/casualty.pdf
http://www.utexas.edu/research/pasp/publications/pdf/casualty.pdf
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"KKK is watching you"
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"NEGROES BEWARE DO NOT ATTEND COMMUNIST MEETINGS The Ku Klux Klan Is Watching You." KKK Poster, Birmingham, Alabama 1930er Jahre Bildquelle: http://knowledgeequalsblackpower.com/ post/56443503356/vivianvivisection-rednotebooks |
SecretDaughter
June Cross
1996 Documentary about my Mom and Dad; Race, Sex, Hollywood, and Harvard.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIqrUVpU40M
"American nationalism is built on racism" (Larry, brother of June, historian)
"Until 1973, blacks where nor allowed in a Mormon temple" (June)
With Medal of Honor award, family learns WWI hero wasn't kin
AntwortenLöschenAssociated Press
By GEORGE M. WALSH
Today
ALBANY, N.Y. (AP) — Two days before President Barack Obama announced a posthumous Medal of Honor for black World War I soldier Henry Johnson, a family got staggering news about the legacy of heroism that had inspired them for generations and through three wars. They weren't related to Johnson by blood after all. ...
Henry Johnson was a railroad porter in Albany before the war. He enlisted in the Army and won acclaim for rescuing a comrade despite suffering grenade and gunshot wounds in a ferocious hand-to-hand battle with German raiders in 1918. Returning from France, he was honored with parades and glowing newspaper stories about his exploits with the 369th Infantry Regiment, a unit known as the "Harlem Hellfighters."
But while France awarded him the Croix de Guerre for heroism, Johnson was given no medals by a U.S. military mired in Jim Crow-era racism.
Hobbled by his wartime injuries and unable to work, Johnson took to drinking. He died destitute in 1929 at age 32 at an Illinois veterans hospital.
Johnson's memory was revived in the 1970s by Albany-area veterans and public officials who believed he had been unfairly denied the honors he deserved, and they worked for decades, joined by Herman Johnson's family, to right that wrong.
On Tuesday, the president handed the Medal of Honor to New York National Guard Command Sgt. Maj. Louis Wilson because the military found no known blood relatives of Johnson. ...
http://news.yahoo.com/medal-honor-award-family-learns-wwi-hero-wasnt-044541683.html
Tuskegee-Syphilis-Studie
AntwortenLöschenUntersuchung im Rahmen der Tuskegee-Syphilis-Studie
Die Tuskegee-Syphilis-Studie wurde von 1932 bis 1972 in der Gegend von Tuskegee, Alabama vom United States Public Health Service, einer Behörde des Gesundheitsministeriums der Vereinigten Staaten, unter Leitung des Mediziners John Charles Cutler durchgeführt. In dieser Studie wurden die Folgen unbehandelter Syphilis-Infektionen, einer häufig chronisch verlaufenden Geschlechtskrankheit, beim Menschen untersucht. 399 mit Syphilis infizierte afroamerikanische Sharecropper – eine Art von Landpächtern – wurden im Rahmen der Studie untersucht. 200 weitere Personen, die als nicht-Syphilis-infiziert galten, wurden als Kontrollgruppe in die Studien einbezogen.[1] Die Versuchspersonen waren zum großen Teil arm und konnten weder lesen noch schreiben.
Diese Studie ist bekannt für ihre menschenverachtende Durchführung: Der Zweck der Studie war, den natürlichen Verlauf der Syphilis-Erkrankung zu beobachten. Die Studie wurde nicht abgebrochen, als wirksame Syphilis-Medikamente erhältlich waren. Die Versuchsteilnehmer hatten keine Gelegenheit zu einer informierten Einwilligung. Sie wurden auch nicht über eine Syphilis-Diagnose unterrichtet. Man sagte ihnen stattdessen, dass sie „schlechtes Blut“ hätten (engl. bad blood) und dass sie eine kostenlose Behandlung bekämen. Ebenso würden sie kostenlose Fahrten zur Klinik, eine warme Mahlzeit täglich und im Todesfall 50 Dollar für die Beerdigung erhalten.[2][3]
Von der Studie erfuhr im Herbst 1965 zufällig der ebenfalls beim PHS arbeitetende Epidemiologe Peter Buxtun. Buxtun versuchte, beim PHS die Einstellung des Experiments zu erreichen, konnte dort aber ebenso wie 1966 bei der US-Seuchenschutzbehörde nichts erreichen. Überall wurde ihm versichert, dass das Projekt bis zum Tod des letzten Patienten fortgesetzt würde. Noch drei Jahre später wurde ihm von der US-Seuchenschutzbehörde gesagt, dass man keine moralischen Bedenken habe. Er weihte 1972 die Journalistin Jean Heller ein, die am 25. Juli 1972 im „Washington Evening Star“ einen Bericht veröffentlichte, in dem sie auf die Studie aufmerksam machte. Zu dem Zeitpunkt lebten noch 74 der Menschen, die den Beginn der Studie mitgemacht hatten. Öffentlich unter Druck geraten, rief der PHS einen Untersuchungsausschuss ein, der nach drei Monaten den Abbruch der Studie beschloss. Der Anwalt Fred Gray, der bereits Martin Luther King vor Gericht vertreten hatte, erreichte vor Gericht schließlich eine Entschädigung von neun Millionen US-Dollar für die Überlebenden der Studie.[4]
Bei einer weiteren Studie in Guatemala von 1946 bis 1948 wurden Gefangene, Soldaten und Geisteskranke mit Syphilis infiziert. Es sollte dabei untersucht werden, ob Penicillin Syphilis heilen kann. Erst 2010 entschuldigte sich die US-Regierung für diese Versuche.[5] ...
zuletzt am 5. März 2015 geändert.
Decades Later, NARA Posts Documents on Guatemalan Syphilis Experiments
LöschenApril 25, 2011
by Kate Doyle
... According to Cutler’s main report on the syphilis study, the program began with an invitation to carry out human experiments in Guatemala from the head of the Venereal Disease Control Division of Guatemala’s Public Health Services, Dr. Juan Funes. With funding from the National Institute for Health, Cutler arrived in Guatemala in the fall of 1946 to lead the project, co-sponsored by the U.S. Public Health Service, the Pan American Sanitary Bureau and the Guatemalan government. The first experiments were carried out in Guatemala’s Central Penitentiary, where the U.S. researchers sought to transmit syphilis to prisoners by paying infected prostitutes to have sex with them. When this method proved inefficient, the team decided to inoculate subjects directly with the disease. Looking for a way to infect a large number of subjects and study the effects over a period of months, the team settled upon the country’s “insane asylum” as the ideal site for their work. There, they had hundreds of captive and vulnerable men and women patients with no understanding of the procedures being performed on them, and the freedom to experiment without constraint or consultation with families.
It is clear from the language of the report that the U.S. researchers understood the profoundly unethical nature of the study. In fact the Guatemalan syphilis study was being carried out just as the “Doctors’ Trial” was unfolding at Nuremberg (December 1946 – August 1947), when 23 German physicians stood trial for participating in Nazi programs to euthanize or medically experiment on concentration camp prisoners. (Sixteen of the doctors were found guilty and seven were executed: see the University of Missouri-Kansas City Web site on the Nuremberg Trials.) ...
Susan M. Reverby, a medical historian and professor of Women’s and Gender Studies at Wellesley College, found Cutler’s papers while doing research on the notorious Tuskagee syphilis experiment, a clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 involving hundreds of African-American men with syphilis who were examined for decades but untreated by doctors from the U.S. Public Health Service. Cutler participated in the Tuskagee study as well, but it was his work on the Guatemalan experiments that caught Reverby’s attention. An early draft of her findings (later published as an article in the Journal of Policy History) was circulated publicly and sparked outrage in the United States and Guatemala.
In response to the disclosure, President Barak Obama called Guatemalan President Alvaro Colom to apologize and charged the Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues with reviewing protocols for human subjects protection. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius also issued a joint statement, calling the experiments “clearly unethical.” “Although these events occurred more than 64 years ago, we are outraged that such reprehensible research could have occurred under the guise of public health,” the statement read. “We deeply regret that it happened, and we apologize to all the individuals who were affected by such abhorrent research practices.” ...
https://nsarchive.wordpress.com/2011/04/25/nara-posts-dr-cutlers-papers-on-medical-experiments-in-guatemala/
Auch US Soldaten begingen 1945 Vergewaltigungen, wie eine aktuelle ZDF Sendung erstmals oeffentlich thematisierte. Aber wohl nur ein geringer Prozentsatz der Vergewaltiger musste sich dafuer vor einem Militaergericht verantworten. Fast ausnahmslose waren es schwarze Soldaten, die wegen Vergewaltigung vor Militaergerichte kamen.
AntwortenLöschenThe long-forgotten racial attitudes and policies of Woodrow Wilson
AntwortenLöschenMarch 4th, 2013
William Keylor, professor of history and international relations at Boston University. He is the author of The Twentieth-Century World and Beyond: An International History.
... Born in Virginia and raised in Georgia and South Carolina, Wilson was a loyal son of the old South who regretted the outcome of the Civil War. He used his high office to reverse some of its consequences. When he entered the White House a hundred years ago today, Washington was a rigidly segregated town — except for federal government agencies. They had been integrated during the post-war Reconstruction period, enabling African-Americans to obtain federal jobs and work side by side with whites in government agencies. Wilson promptly authorized members of his cabinet to reverse this long-standing policy of racial integration in the federal civil service.
Cabinet heads — such as his son-in-law, Secretary of the Treasury William McAdoo of Tennessee – re-segregated facilities such as restrooms and cafeterias in their buildings. In some federal offices, screens were set up to separate white and black workers. African-Americans found it difficult to secure high-level civil service positions, which some had held under previous Republican administrations.
A delegation of black professionals led by Monroe Trotter, a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Harvard and Boston newspaper editor, appeared at the White House to protest the new policies. But Wilson treated them rudely and declared that “segregation is not a humiliation but a benefit, and ought to be so regarded by you gentlemen.”
The novel “The Clansman” by Thomas Dixon – a longtime political supporter, friend and former classmate of Wilson’s at Johns Hopkins University – was published in 1905. A decade later, with Wilson in the White House, cinematographer D.W. Griffith produced a motion picture version of the book, titled “Birth of a Nation.”
With quotations from Wilson’s scholarly writings in its subtitles, the silent film denounced the Reconstruction period in the South when blacks briefly held elective office in several states. It hailed the rise of the Ku Klux Klan as a sign of southern white society’s recovery from the humiliation and suffering to which the federal government and the northern “carpetbaggers” had subjected it after its defeat in the Civil War. The film depicted African-Americans (most played by white actors in blackface) as uncouth, uncivilized rabble.
While the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People publicly denounced the movie’s blatant appeals to racial prejudice, the president organized a private screening of his friend’s film in the White House for the members of his cabinet and their families. “It is like writing history with lightning,” Wilson observed, “and my only regret is that it is all so terribly true.” ...
Contact Keylor at 617-358-0197 or wrkeylor@bu.edu
http://www.bu.edu/professorvoices/2013/03/04/the-long-forgotten-racial-attitudes-and-policies-of-woodrow-wilson/
Did you also know that Robert Byrd - a Democrat and longest-serving member of the U.S. Senate - was a Grand Kleagle in the KKK?
AntwortenLöschenQuineGeology
8/7/2016 9:58 PM GMT+0300 [Edited]
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/07/28/she-thought-her-server-was-great-then-she-saw-her-racist-snapchat-post/?tid=hybrid_experimentrandom_1_na&utm_term=.f8404c155f10
Ein Atemzug der Freiheit? Afro-amerikanische Soldaten im Nachkriegsdeutschland
AntwortenLöschenVortrag von Dr. Katharina Gerund, Amerikanistin an der FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg
Der Vortrag skizziert Berichte afroamerikanischer Soldaten über ihre Erfahrungen im Nachkriegsdeutschland. Für sie ging es im Zweiten Weltkrieg um einen „doppelten Sieg“: gegen den Faschismus in Europa und gegen den Rassismus in den USA. Wie haben sie ihren Kriegseinsatz und ihre Zeit in Deutschland erlebt? Welche Rolle spielten diese Erfahrungen für die Bürgerrechtsbewegung in den USA? Gleichzeitig beleuchtet der Vortrag auch deutsche Reaktionen auf die schwarzen GIs und erkundet deren Bedeutung im kollektiven Gedächtnis (West-) Deutschlands.
http://mai45.de/die-vergessenen-der-geschichte-afrodeutsche-zeitzeuginnen-des-dritten-reichs/
Black veteran says he was refused free Veteran's Day meal at Chili's after man in Trump shirt questioned his service
AntwortenLöschenKate Taylor
Business Insider November 14, 2016
A black veteran says that he was refused a free Veteran's Day meal at Chili's after a man wearing a Trump shirt called his military service into question.
On Friday, Ernest Walker visited a Chili's in Cedar Hill, Texas, planning to partake in the chain's offer of a free meal for military veterans, CBS 11 reports.
Walker says everything was normal as he ordered his food. Then, he was approached by a man who questioned his military service.
"I was approached by an old white guy, maybe in his 70s, with a Trump shirt, at Chili's on Veteran's Day yesterday... He said he was in Germany, and that they did not let Blacks serve over there," Walker wrote in a Facebook post on Saturday.
Walker told Dallas News he was stationed in Hawaii in the 25th Infantry Division during the late 1980s. Black soldiers have fought in every American war since the Revolutionary War, including World War II, though often in segregated units.
Walker said that as he prepared to leave with a to-go box of food, he was approached by the Chili's manager, Wesley Patrick. Walker said Patrick told him that another customer had reported he was not a real veteran, and that his dog, who was with him at the restaurant, was not an actual service dog.
"At this point I was grossly offended embarrassed dehumanized and started [r]ecording," Walker, whose name on Facebook is Ernest Blackbatman, wrote in a post accompanying a video that he recorded. "Mr. Wesley snatched my food away, made body contact." ...
https://www.yahoo.com/news/black-veteran-says-refused-free-160950540.html
Walker said in another Facebook post that he joined the military when he was only 16 years old, at a time when he was homeless and sleeping behind a Kroger.
Löschen"Served Proudly 25th Infantry Division Tropic Lightning I was only 16 and homeless I had ran away from home at 13 and slept in 23 different houses when a recruiter saw me sleeping behind a Kroger and I sign up and it SAVED MY LIFE !!!!!"
"... a good place for good negroes to live in, but a bad place for negroes who believe in SOCIAL EQUALITY"
AntwortenLöschenKKK Poster, Birmingham, Alabama, 1930s